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Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population

Received: 18 December 2019     Accepted: 30 December 2019     Published: 8 January 2020
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Abstract

Data on association between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and hypertension are very limited in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to look for an independent association between EDS and hypertension and identify the factors associated to EDS in adult subjects with hypertension in Cameroon. Data from cross-sectional community surveys conducted from 2015 to 2018 in three regions of Cameroon (West, Littoral, and North) were analyzed. The participants aged ≥ 19 years were included using multilevel stratified random sampling method. EDS was defined as an Epworth score ≥ 10. Subjects were considered to have hypertension if they were on treatment for hypertension or had a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg measured by standard protocols. Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated to EDS. The p-value < 0.05 was set as significant statistical threshold. A total of 8288 subjects (55.2% females) of median age (25th -75th percentiles) of 39 (27-54) years were included. The prevalence of EDS was higher in subjects who had hypertension as than in those without hypertension (13.4% vs 11.5%, p = 0.015), with an unadjusted odds ratio (IC 95%) of 1.19 (1.04-1.38). After multivariate analysis including place of residence, age, sex, education level and body mass index (BMI), we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension [odds ratio 95% CI): 1.01 (0.8-1.18), p = 0.937]. The determinants of EDS in subjects with hypertension were residence in Bandjoun [2.23 (1.12-4.11), p = 0.10], Douala [2.78 (1.48-5.25), p = 0.002] and Garoua [1.95 (1.01-3.74), p = 0.045] compared to Figuil; and BMI [1.04 (1.02-1.06) per 1kg/m2 increase, p = 0.001]. In conclusion, we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension in Cameroon. Obesity is associated with EDS in subjects with hypertension.

Published in American Journal of Internal Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12
Page(s) 8-13
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sleep Disorders, Daytime Sleepiness, Sleep Apnea Syndrome, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension

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    Eric Walter Pefura-Yone, Olen Jean Pierre Kamga, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Jérôme François Kaze-Folefack, Amadou Djenabou, et al. (2020). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population. American Journal of Internal Medicine, 8(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12

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    ACS Style

    Eric Walter Pefura-Yone; Olen Jean Pierre Kamga; Adamou Dodo Balkissou; Jérôme François Kaze-Folefack; Amadou Djenabou, et al. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population. Am. J. Intern. Med. 2020, 8(1), 8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12

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    AMA Style

    Eric Walter Pefura-Yone, Olen Jean Pierre Kamga, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Jérôme François Kaze-Folefack, Amadou Djenabou, et al. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population. Am J Intern Med. 2020;8(1):8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12,
      author = {Eric Walter Pefura-Yone and Olen Jean Pierre Kamga and Adamou Dodo Balkissou and Jérôme François Kaze-Folefack and Amadou Djenabou and Virginie Poka-Mayap and Alain Kuaban and Haman Djabbo Abdoul Whahab and Sounou Asmaou and Corine Kenne-Kenyo and Christopher Kuaban},
      title = {Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population},
      journal = {American Journal of Internal Medicine},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {8-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajim.20200801.12},
      abstract = {Data on association between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and hypertension are very limited in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to look for an independent association between EDS and hypertension and identify the factors associated to EDS in adult subjects with hypertension in Cameroon. Data from cross-sectional community surveys conducted from 2015 to 2018 in three regions of Cameroon (West, Littoral, and North) were analyzed. The participants aged ≥ 19 years were included using multilevel stratified random sampling method. EDS was defined as an Epworth score ≥ 10. Subjects were considered to have hypertension if they were on treatment for hypertension or had a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg measured by standard protocols. Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated to EDS. The p-value th -75th percentiles) of 39 (27-54) years were included. The prevalence of EDS was higher in subjects who had hypertension as than in those without hypertension (13.4% vs 11.5%, p = 0.015), with an unadjusted odds ratio (IC 95%) of 1.19 (1.04-1.38). After multivariate analysis including place of residence, age, sex, education level and body mass index (BMI), we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension [odds ratio 95% CI): 1.01 (0.8-1.18), p = 0.937]. The determinants of EDS in subjects with hypertension were residence in Bandjoun [2.23 (1.12-4.11), p = 0.10], Douala [2.78 (1.48-5.25), p = 0.002] and Garoua [1.95 (1.01-3.74), p = 0.045] compared to Figuil; and BMI [1.04 (1.02-1.06) per 1kg/m2 increase, p = 0.001]. In conclusion, we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension in Cameroon. Obesity is associated with EDS in subjects with hypertension.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Hypertension in Cameroonian Adult Population
    AU  - Eric Walter Pefura-Yone
    AU  - Olen Jean Pierre Kamga
    AU  - Adamou Dodo Balkissou
    AU  - Jérôme François Kaze-Folefack
    AU  - Amadou Djenabou
    AU  - Virginie Poka-Mayap
    AU  - Alain Kuaban
    AU  - Haman Djabbo Abdoul Whahab
    AU  - Sounou Asmaou
    AU  - Corine Kenne-Kenyo
    AU  - Christopher Kuaban
    Y1  - 2020/01/08
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12
    T2  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    JF  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    JO  - American Journal of Internal Medicine
    SP  - 8
    EP  - 13
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-4324
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajim.20200801.12
    AB  - Data on association between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and hypertension are very limited in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to look for an independent association between EDS and hypertension and identify the factors associated to EDS in adult subjects with hypertension in Cameroon. Data from cross-sectional community surveys conducted from 2015 to 2018 in three regions of Cameroon (West, Littoral, and North) were analyzed. The participants aged ≥ 19 years were included using multilevel stratified random sampling method. EDS was defined as an Epworth score ≥ 10. Subjects were considered to have hypertension if they were on treatment for hypertension or had a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg measured by standard protocols. Logistic regression was used to investigate the factors associated to EDS. The p-value th -75th percentiles) of 39 (27-54) years were included. The prevalence of EDS was higher in subjects who had hypertension as than in those without hypertension (13.4% vs 11.5%, p = 0.015), with an unadjusted odds ratio (IC 95%) of 1.19 (1.04-1.38). After multivariate analysis including place of residence, age, sex, education level and body mass index (BMI), we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension [odds ratio 95% CI): 1.01 (0.8-1.18), p = 0.937]. The determinants of EDS in subjects with hypertension were residence in Bandjoun [2.23 (1.12-4.11), p = 0.10], Douala [2.78 (1.48-5.25), p = 0.002] and Garoua [1.95 (1.01-3.74), p = 0.045] compared to Figuil; and BMI [1.04 (1.02-1.06) per 1kg/m2 increase, p = 0.001]. In conclusion, we did not find an independent association between EDS and hypertension in Cameroon. Obesity is associated with EDS in subjects with hypertension.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Garoua, University of Ngaoundéré, Garoua, Cameroon

  • HIV Approved Treatment Center, Yaoundé Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Pneumology A Service, Yaoundé Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Sub-division Health Medical Center of Koza, Koza, Cameroon

  • Meiganga District Hospital, Meignaga, Cameroon

  • Institut Supérieur de Technologie Médicale, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon

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